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An Institutional Review Board (IRB) is a committee responsible for reviewing and approving research involving human subjects to ensure it is conducted ethically and in compliance with regulations.

The main purpose of an IRB is to protect the rights, welfare, and privacy of participants by assessing potential risks, ensuring informed consent, and making sure the research follows ethical standards.

IRBs help ensure that studies are designed to minimize harm and maximize benefits while respecting the dignity of participants.